Coal-mining machine



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. I-I. C. SERGEANI'. COAL MINING MACHINE.

(trot/Iota.)`

3 Sheets- Sheet 3.

H. C. SERGEANT.

No. 411,305. y

,pf NEE I @M1/Leona@ GOAL MINING MACHINE.

Patented Sept. 1'7, 1889L Smog/wko@ Benny C. Sergeant @1513 hief a'oznmUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY CLARK SERGEANT, OF NEV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE INGER-SOLL-SERGEANT ROOK DRILL COMPANY, AOF NEYV YORK.

COAL-MINING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 411,305, datedSeptember 17, 1889.

Application tiled August 10, 1888. Serial No. 282,419. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern:

4 Be it known that I, HENRY CLARK SER- GEANT, a citizen of the UnitedStates, 'residin g at New York, in the county of New York, State 5 ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCoal-Mining Machin es, of which the following is adescription. Myinvention relates to improvements in that class of reciprocatingdrilling-engines 1o known as mining-machines, the samebeing mounted upona pair of wheels to enable the cutting-tool to operate in horizontal,vertical, and oblique claims, for undercutting and cutting around bodiesof coal and the like, and to facilitate the transportation of themachine from point to point, and to enable the direction of thecutting-tool to be determined by the operator to produce desiredresults.

My improvements comprise a novel means 2o of mounting thedrilling-engine upon its supporting-wheels, whereby the axes of thelatter may be shifted longitudinally of the machine in order to balanceits weight, and thereby facilitate its manipulation by the operatoras,for example, when a longer or shorter tool or tool-holder is employed.

y It also comprises an extension tool-holder, novel means for attaching`and adjusting the handles by which theY machine is manipulated, and,furthermore, the piston-rod is formed with spiral grooves passingthrough a ritled nut, whereby a twisting or prying motion is imparted tothe drill, which adds greatly to its breaking eifect upon the coal, 3 5and also renders it much less liable to stick. I have also provided apick of improved form specially adapted to the work of coal-cutting.

My improved mining-machine also comprises a novel construction andarrangement of valves for controlling the ingress and egress of thesteam, air, or other fluid by means whereof the piston is propelled, thevalves being duplex and operating to open and close the steam andexhaust ports en-` the operator will free the pick and permit it 5o toat once resume operations.

An important advantage incident to my improved valve-motion is dueto thefact that the travel of the valves being independent of the length ofstroke made by the piston when the machine is moved up close to the workin commencing the out the stroke of the piston is very short and thevalves and piston may be caused to operate more rapidly and accomplishmore in a given time than 6o would be the case if the valves and pistonhad to wait for the completed revolution or movement of some impellingmechanism.

My improved valve-motion while herein shown and described for thepurpose of illustration is not herein claimed, since it forms thesubject-matter of a separate application for Letters Patent.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a transverse sectionalelevation of a mining- 7o machine embodying my improvements. Fig. ltis adetail showingamodiiied form of clamping device. Fig. 2 is a sectionalend view on the line 2 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a detail view showing myimproved pick in elevation, and also the extremity of the piston-rod, towhich said pick is attached. Fig. 4. is a View similar to Fig. 3, butshowing in addition thereto an extension-piece fitted to the extremityof the piston-rod and carrying the pick. Fig. 5 8o is a top plan viewpartly in section. Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail, partly in sectionalplan, showing the manner of adjustably securing one of thewheel-carrying trunnions. Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail showing intransverse sectional elevation the parts illustrated in Fig. 6. Fig. 8is an end view of the steamchest, on an enlarged scale, showing meansfor securing the handles; and Fig. 9 is an elevation of the parts shownin Fig. v8. Fig. l0 9o is a transverse sectional end view showing thesteam-chest and the positions of the valveactuating mechanism. Fig. 1lis a fragmentary top plan view showing the valve-ports and passagesbelow the steam-chest. Fig. 12 95 is a fragmentary view showing thelocation of the valve-actuating ports and passages with respect to thesteam-chest and valves.

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Similar letters and figures denote like parts throughout.

As illustrated in the drawings, A is the cylinder of the drilling-engine, which is provided with the usual steam-ports a c at opposite endsand an exhaust-passage B. To the outer end of the main cylinderA isattached a supporting and guiding sleeve C, which is divided by cuts Cat its outer extremity, and provided with clamping-bolts C2, passingtransversely through the divided portions for the purpose of contractingthem npon and securing a bushing D.

It will be obvious that other means may be employed for contracting theextremity of the sleeve C to secure the bushing in position. Forexample, the exterior of the divided part may be made tapering, as seenin Fig. l, and screw-t-hreaded upon its exterior and provided with ascrew-threaded collar C3 for contracting the divided ends of the sleeveupon the bushing.

E is the piston, and E the piston-rod, which works through suitablepacking in the forward end of the cylinder A, and is madelong enough toproject beyond the end of the sleeve C when fully retracted. One or morebutter-springs E2 are located in the forward end of the cylinder tocushion the piston and assist its rearward movement. The projectingextremity F of the piston-rod E is tubularin form to receive the shankfof the pick,

which is secured in position by a wedge f passing through the piston-rodand the shank of the pick. In order to provide for the cutting of deepchannels and for the operation of the machine in places where themachine could not conveniently be moved close up to the work, I providean extension G, which is formed to lit over the extremity F of thepiston-rod, and is adapted to receive at its outer extremity the shankof the pick, which is secured in position by a wedge, as describedwithreference to the part F of the piston-rod E. The extension G maybetubular for lightness and portability, and is made in various lengths toadapt it to any desired work or position. By reason of its extremelysimple adjustment it can be readily attached or detached.

If desired, the piston-rod can be provided with one or more straightgrooves engaging similar projections in the end bushing D for thepurpose of preventing undesired radial movement of the piston and pick;but I'iind that a limited twisting movement` is extremely useful and amaterial aid to the action of the chisel-shaped pick in dislodging thematerial operated upon. As a separate and important improvement, I formin the end portion of the piston-rod a number of spiral grooves CZ,which engage corresponding Aprojections d in the ritled bushing D, whichlatter is prevented from turning, being tightly clalnped in thecontracted extremity of the sleeve C, and will impart a twistingmovement to the pick. As the pick strikes the coal, the shock of impactwill cause its twisting effect to be re-enforced by wh atever loosenessor play may exist between the pistonrod and bushing, thereby producing agreatlyincreased breaking force and adding to the effect of each blow.

My improved pick is in the form of a tapering oval chisel g, the end ofwhich is provided with a V-shaped notch -having a round sharp edge andcutting-points g g2. form is very easily sharpened, and will remainsharp and do more work than the thin, lat,.sharp edge so frequentlyemployed. I-I I-I are the carrying-wheels upon which the machine issupported, and h 7L are adjustable trunnions upon which the said wheelsare mounted..

The trunnions h are much larger than it is usual to make the axes ofcarrying-wheels, and their increased size is for the purpose ofdeveloping friction between the wheel and its axles, and thereby addingstability to the machine when in operation-that is, to oppose to therecoil of the machine at each blow the friction between the wheels andtheir axles in addition to the inertia of the weight of the machine,thereby diminishing the recoil and increasing the effective force ofeach stroke.

On each side of the central portion of the cylinder A is formed anextension A', which extension is provided with a transverse slot orrecess A2, leaving a narrower exterior opening, so that the front innerwalls of the slot form shoulders A3. The slot A2 has adownwardly-extending opening A4, through which is inserted a shortheaded bolt I. The head of the bolt is retained in the slot A2 by theshoulders A3 and the bolt capable of longitudinal movement. The innerend of the trunnion h tits against, the projection A', against which itis firmly held by the bolt I, which passes centrally therethrough, andis provided with a locking-nut t' at its outer extremity, which nutbears against and holds the trunnion firmly in position. nion 7L isfurther provided with small proj ections h, which extend into the outerportion of the slot on each side of the bolt I, and serve to prevent thebolt I dropping out through the downward opening AAt while beingadjusted-that is, when the adjustment happens to bring the bolt directlyover said downward opening, for when the bolt. is in any part of theslot away from said opening the walls of the slot will themselves retainit in position. To adjust the Wheels with respect to the weight ofthemachine, the nut z' is loosened, when the bolt can be movedlongitudinally in the slot A2, carrying with it the wheel II andtrunnion 71which latter is firmly locked in the desired position bytightening the nut t'.

J is the steam-chest, which is formed with lateral extensions j jthemselves formed with longitudinal apertures to receive the shanks 7oof handles K. The openings in the projections j j may be formed by coreswhen the steam-chest is cast, and are sufficiently large This. j

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The trunto receive the shanks 7a, which may be rough forgings. Thehandles are secured in position by toe-bolts le', which are insertedfrom below in the apertures for the handles and project upward throughthe extensions j j', where they are provided with screw-threaded nuts.The attachment of the handles is therefore extrem ely simple, it beingonly necessary to loosen the bolts la when the handles can be adjusted,after which a few turns of the nuts will draw up the bolts k and firmlylock the handles in posit-ion.

Myimproved valve comprises two air-driven piston-valves L M, the endportions of which work in single-acting cylinders N O N O', formed inthe respect-ive ends of steam-chest J. The central portions of thepistons L M are desirably reduced in size, in order to allow the freepassage of steam or air around and between them to the main andauxiliary sets of ports I 2, located side by side transversely of thecentral portion of the steam-chest, and both of same externaldimensions, so as to render the valves interchangeable, if desired. Thepistons L M are each provided with a slidevalve Z m, moving upon andcontrolling the two sets of ports l 2. Set l of the ports coinprisesinlet-port P, exhaust-port Q, and inletport R, the port P communicatingby passage I3 with inlet-port p, located on the opposite side of thesteam-chest and extending up into the cylinder O. The port R also passesacross the steam-chest by passage R', issuing at outlet r into cylinderO. The exhaust Q extends laterally to the exterior, and adjustablethrottling-valves q q q2 are provided for increasing or diminishing thearea of the exhaust-passage and of the ports p r, and therebycontrolling` the speed of movement of the valve-actuating pistons. Set 2of the ports comprises ports a a leading to the respective ends of themain cylinder, and exhaust-port B, leading to the exterior of themachine. From port a extends an auxiliary passage 3, which crosses thesteam-chest and issues at opening 4 into cylinder N. From the port cextends a similar passage 5, which likewise crosses the steam-chest andissues at opening` (5 into cylinder N. The valve-actuating passages justdescribed are smaller than the main ports, being about one-third theirarea. Then the valves are in position,the compressed air in thesteam-chest will find passage alternately through the ports and passagesshown, which will cause them to move alternately and independent of themovement of the main piston so long as air is supplied and the exhaustgis open. The passages crossing each other without communication, asshown in Fig. Il, each piston is alternately the valve of the oppositeone, and their speed can be regulated by throttlin g the exhaust Q to agreater or less extent.

The specific operation of the valves in the positions shown in Fig 12 isas follows: Piston M being in its forward position, piston L willexhaust through passage 5 and receive air at its opposite end throughpassage 3. Simultaneously piston M will receive steam through passage Pand exhaust through passage R, and so on, vice versa, as long as steamor compressed air is supplied.

It will be understood that while for purposes of illustration I havedescribed my improvements specifically I do not limit myself to theconstructions or precise forms shown, since they may be modified in manyrespects without departing from the spirit or scope of `the invention.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to securebyLetters Patent, 1s-w l. The combination, with a drilling-engine, ofcarrying-wheels independently supported against the sides of thecylinder thereof, and separate longitudinal adjustable supports thereforfor adj usting the positions of the carrying-wheels against thecylinder, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a drilling-engine, of extensions formed on thesides of the cylinder thereof and having longitudinal slots or recessestherein, headed bolts separately secured in and longitudinallyadjustable in said slots, independent trunnions secured upon the bolts,and carrying-wheels rotatably mounted upon the trunnions, substantiallyas described.

3. A drilling-engine having lateral extensions or enlargements upon thecylinder thereof, said extensions formed with longitudinal recesses A2,said recesses provided with downward openings A4, headed bolts I,longitudinally adjustable in the recesses, and wheel-supportingtrunnions h, securely held in the desired position against the sides ofthe engine-cylinder by the bolts I, substantially as described.

4c. A drilling-engine having lateral extensions or enlargements formedwith longitudinal recesses A2, said recesses provided with downwardopenings A, headed bolts I, longitudinally adjustable in the recesses,and wheel-supporting trunnions h, securely held in the desired positionagainst the sides of the engine by the bolts I, and supporting projections h on the inner face of the trunnion, to prevent the boltdropping down when moved past the vertical slot, substantially asdescribed.

5. In a drilling-engine, a tool-carrying piston-rod having a limitedtwisting axial movement during both its forward and backward movement,substantially as described.

6. A drilling-engine provided with a nonrotating tool-carryingpiston-rod and means for imparting thereto a limited twisting movementduring its forward and backward movement., the twist being in onedirection on the outward stroke and in the reverse upon the return.

7. A drilling-engine provided with a forwardly extending sleeve, aribbed bushing adj ustably secured in said sleeve and held stationaryIOO IIO

therein,and a piston-rod formed with grooves registering with the ribsot' the bushing and vguided therein, whereby a limited twist-ingmovement is imparted to the piston during its forward and backwardmovement, the twistbeing in one direction on the outward stroke and inthe reverse Vupon the return.

8. A drilling-engine the cylinder of which is provided with aforwardly-extending sleeve divided at its outer end and provided with anadjustable clamp for contracting said outer end, a piston-rod, and abushing, as D, exterior to the piston-rod and arranged to be inserted inthe divided extremity of the sleeve and to be firmly secured therein bythe clamp, substantially as described.

9. The tapering oval pick g, made tapering toward its front end andformed with a transverse V-shaped notch at its outer extremity,substantially as described.

10. The tapering` oval pick g, made tapering toward its front end andformed -With round sharp edges at its cutting extremity, substantiallyas described.

In testimony whereof I hereto affix my signature in presence of twoWitnesses.

M. B. W. BoMGEIRs, C. H. SERGEANT.

